Abd El Jelil Cheikh Zeini
Resident in BFELTP
Title: Analysis of Rift Valley fever surveillance data in humans in Mauritania from 2011 to 2021
Biography
Abstract
Context and rationale: Rift Valley Fever is a public health problem. It is a viral disease most commonly seen in domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa. People can contract Rift Valley Fever through contact with the blood, body fluids or tissues of infected animals or through bites. of infected mosquitoes. The objective of this work is to analyze Rift Valley fever surveillance data in Mauritania from 2011 to 2021. Method: a retrospective cross-sectional study of epidemiological surveillance data for RVF in humans in Mauritania from 2011 to 2021. We analyzed the data in time, place and person using Epi Info. Proportions, frequencies, and rates were calculated. Results: The results show that, among the 308 suspected cases of RVF, 142 cases or 46.10 % were confirmed by laboratory, the age group of 2040 years was the most represented or 47.18% of cases (67), the median age was 26 years (1 year-91 years). The male sex represented 78.16% of the cases, the sex ratio M/F was equal to 3.6. The Breeder profession was the most affected, i.e. 07.04%, noting that 89 confirmed cases not identified, i.e. 62.67% The region of Taguent recorded the highest number of confirmed cases (50) or 35.21%, of the 142 confirmed cases of Rift Valley Fever 83 deaths were recorded, a lethality of 58.45%. Conclusion: This work shows that the haemorrhagic forms of Rift Valley Fever present a significant lethality and the prevention of the disease passes by the reinforcement of the fight against the vectors, the eviction of the contact, the non-consumption of the biological products from diseased animals and vaccination of animals in areas where the disease is endemic.
Magic M. Wade
University of Illinois Springfield
Title: American Community Gun Violence During the Covid-19 Pandemic is a Public Health Crisis Impacting Cities of all Sizes
Biography
Dr. Magic Wade is a political scientist with expertise in state and local government, criminal justice, and public policy. She studies community vulnerability and resilience to problems like economic inequality, mass incarceration, homelessness, and gun violence. Her work is interdisciplinary and aimed at expanding our understanding of the complex, community-level factors and processes that enable city leaders to solve persistent employment, public health, and safety problems. Her research has been published in the Journal of Prison Education and Reentry, Labor Studies Journal, and Journal of Labor and Society. She is currently the Director of the School of International Affairs and Politics at the University of Illinois Springfield, where she holds the rank of Associate Professor of Political Science.
Abstract
Statement of the Problem: In this study, I examine changes and patterns in community gun violence surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic. I find elevated, persistent, and geographically widespread increases in firearm homicides and injuries in cities of various sizes during this time. This is an urgent topic of inquiry, considering that over 45,000 Americans died from a fatal firearm injury (FFI) in 2020, more than in any previous year on record (PEW). Thousands also endured non-fatal firearm injuries (NFIs). This increase was driven by intentional violence, rather than accidents or heightened despair. I examine community gun violence from 2015-2021 in more cities (N=1331) than previous research on firearm violence surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic and urban homicide studies generally. I highlight five key findings from the analysis: